In the catalog of memorable biblical characters, the daughters of Zelophehad are definitely not at the top of the list. In fact, I’m willing to guess that until today, most of you had never heard of them. Am I right?
Don’t feel bad about that—they are definitely not what Pastor Marvin called “headliners” last week. Their story does not appear in the Revised Common Lectionary, and I have never seen a stained glass image or classical religious painting of Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. I have never heard a sermon preached about these daughters, and, although I have read the entire book of Numbers, I really have no memory of encountering the daughters in my reading.
And yet, their story is not insignificant. In addition to today’s text from Chapter 27, they are mentioned briefly in Chapter 26 of Numbers, and again in Chapter 36. And they appear yet again in Chapter 17 in the book of Joshua, after the Israelites have conquered the promised land and the land is being apportioned to the twelve tribes. The daughters show up and confront Joshua and the priest Eleazar, and make sure that they remember that God commanded that they be given their father’s inheritance. And it was given to them.
In the patriarchal structure of biblical-era society, property passed from father to son. Women and girls had to rely on their male family members for subsistence and protection. Widows without sons and unmarried daughters without a father or brothers were the most vulnerable in such a community. They had no power and no advocate, and—one would think—no voice.
And yet, these five sisters had courage. They stood up and marched right up to the entrance of the meeting tent and confronted what they saw as an unjust system. “Why should the name of our father be taken away from his clan because he had no son?” they said. “Give to us a possession among our father’s brothers.” Notice that they didn’t weep or ask or beg. They demanded! These disenfranchised women confronted what was unjust, demanded justice for themselves, and proposed a more equitable law—one that would benefit not only these five sisters, but generations of women to come.
These daughters represented the least powerful in their community, and yet they dared to challenge the tradition of the patriarchy.
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